Asia Bibi, 45, was arrested last year after being accused of defaming the Prophet Muhammad, the founder of Islam.
The mother-of-five denied the charges but was sentenced to death by a court on Monday, provoking outrage among Christian groups and human rights advocates. They say Pakistan's strict blasphemy laws are being used to discriminate against religious minorities and should be repealed.
Her supporters say Mrs Bibi will now appeal against the sentence handed down by a local court in the town of Sheikhupura, near Lahore.
Ashiq Masih, her husband, said the family was in a state of shock and believed the judge had been pressured into finding his wife guilty.
"It is an unjust decision," he said. "I can't believe it."
He added that he had not yet had the heart to break the news to his youngest children.
"I haven't told two of my younger daughters about the court's decision," he said.
"They asked me many times about their mother but I can't get the courage to tell them that the judge has sentenced their mother to capital punishment for a crime that she never committed."
The court heard she had been working as a farmhand in fields with other women, when she was asked to fetch drinking water.
Some of the other women - all Muslims - refused to drink the water, sparking a row. They said, as it had been brought by a Christian, it was "unclean", Mrs Bibi said in evidence.
The incident was forgotten until a few days later when Mrs Bibi said she was set upon by a baying mob. The police were called and took her to a police station for her own safety.
Shahzad Kamran, of the Sharing Life Ministry Pakistan, said: "The police were under pressure from this Muslim mob, including clerics, asking for Asia to be killed because she had spoken ill of the Prophet Muhammad.
"So after the police saved her life they then registered a blasphemy case against her."
He added that she had been held in isolation for more than a year before being sentenced to death on Monday.
"The trial was clear," he said.
"She was innocent and did not say those words."
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