Since the days of Muhammad there have been NINE titular heads to the Islamic world. Those religious/governmental heads were called caliphates. A couple were recognized by the West like the al Rashid dynasty and the the Ottoman Empire, the rest were pretty much ignored. Their list appears below . . .
1.1 Rashidun, 632–661
1.2 Umayyads, 7th–8th centuries
1.2a The Caliphate in Hispania
1.3 Abbasids, 8th–13th centuries
1.4 Fatimids, 10th–12th centuries
1.5 Shadow Caliphate, 13th–16th centuries
1.6 Ottomans, 16th–20th century
1.7 Sokoto, 19th century
1.8 Ahmadiyya Caliphate, 1908-Present
1.9 Khilafat Movement of, 1920
Is Ellis just offering up a possible fulfillment, because the 2014 version of his slide presentation says.....
I had brought it up as possible fulfillment with him some months ago and suppose it has been on simmer. It is just one possible solution. However in the list I offered him from Wikipedia I think I remember it counting 10 already fulfilled, without needing to bring the Islamic State into it. I think it was before they rose up and declared a caliphate. I'll see if I can find it.
[edit add] Found our chat from Feb 3,
2013:
"Just took a peek at your teaching guide. Saw the horns on LBL you suggest Islamic rulers. I had wanted to conclude the same a while back and searched around and came up with this before, but as I remember I was thinking there was a problem with it. Maybe I should have looked a little further. I count 10 Caliphates:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliphate 1.1 Rashidun, 632–661
1.2 Umayyads, 7th–8th centuries
1.2.1 The Caliphate in Hispania
1.3 Abbasids, 8th–13th centuries
1.4 Fatimids, 10th–12th centuries
1.5 Shadow Caliphate, 13th–16th centuries
1.6 Ottomans, 16th–20th century
1.7 Sokoto, 19th century
1.8 Ahmadiyya Caliphate, 1908-Present
1.9 Khilafat Movement, 1920
1.10 End of the Caliphate, 1924"
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"Those 10 Caliphates work, nicely! <smile> Good research, brother. In the latest Study Guide I show a map of the 10, anti-Israel, Arabic, Islamic states that surround Israel today. I think both concepts fit Scripture so with your permission, I'll add your list of Caliphates to the Study Guide."
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"Of course bro. Not my list but Wikipedia."
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"BTW, I found that info on Wikipedia and certainly like their ten Caliphates, but because several of those Caliphates overlapped, saw no reason to make the Caliphate in Hispania subordinate to the others, so I changed the way they numbered them to be more in line with Scripture. See the attached."
(From the PDF study guide page he sent):
"Ten Historic Califates of the Leopard-Bear-Lion
1.1 Rashidun, 632–661
1.2 Umayyads, 7th–8th centuries
1.3 The Caliphate in Hispania
1.4 Abbasids, 8th–13th centuries
1.5 Fatimids, 10th–12th centuries
1.6 Shadow Caliphate, 13th–16th centuries
1.7 Ottomans, 16th–20th century
1.8 Sokoto, 19th century
1.9 Ahmadiyya Caliphate, 1908-Present
1.10 Khilafat Movement, 1920
Caliphate movement ends in 1924.
But now, fundamental Islam is trying
to establish a worldwide Caliphate again!"
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I just noticed that link to Wikipedia doesn't look anything like it did during the time of our chat. Here's what it looked like 2 days before our chat:
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caliphate&oldid=536087330So I counted ten including the - 1.2.1 The Caliphate in Hispania - which Wikipedia lists more like a sub-caliphate. I remember at the time I didn't feel great about counting that weak sub-caliphate but I had to come up with 10. The declaration of the Islamic State has since then, taken care of any need for hesitation.